{"id":2526,"date":"2019-04-08T11:05:10","date_gmt":"2019-04-08T11:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/?p=2526"},"modified":"2022-06-17T17:01:08","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T17:01:08","slug":"dying-quietly-the-new-suburbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/?p=2526","title":{"rendered":"Dying Quietly: The new suburbs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mustn’t grumble. Mustn’t make a fuss.\nEngland’s suburbs are slowly dying, as years of austerity slowly changes the\nlandscape. Since 2014, life expectancy has been falling across most of England,\nespecially in the suburbs. The elderly are now dying faster than before. And it\nis in the suburbs, far away from your children (if you had children), that you\nnow much more often live and die alone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mantra that there is no such thing\nas society, just families and their children, rings both true and hollow in the\nsuburbs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suburbs are changing more quickly\ntoday than they have changed in decades. The centres of cities are increasingly\nreserved for the young, the successful and those who can afford to avoid long\ncommutes. Out of town villages are where the very affluent go when they age\u2014the\nidyllic cottage in the country. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rising economic inequality <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In the great suburban new hope of the\nera from 1930 to 1970, the suburbs were supposed to be where life’s winners\nwent. Suburban schools were \u2018good\u2019, suburban jobs were plentiful and well paid.\nSuburban doctors were not over?worked; hospitals were accessible. But the money\nbegan to run out in the 1970s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

England accommodated its loss of\nempire by accepting rising economic inequality. After the 1970s the country as\na whole became poorer in comparison with the rest of the developed world and\nwith most of Europe, but in the 1980s, 1990s and noughties those at the top\ntook a greater and greater share of the pie each year. As they did so they took\nmore and more from the poor and from suburban middle England, from the places\nwhere the majority lived, the places that saw progress stall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today there are far fewer winners, so\nthose fewer winners win much more. The semi?detached three?bedroom suburban\nhouse is now the place you end up in if you have not failed but also have not\nsucceeded. The bills remain high, the council tax rises, the repairs have to be\ndone. This\nis beginning to swing suburbs in the south of England towards Labour.<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suburban Conservative?voting England,\nwhere the fewest immigrants arrive, is where UKIP did best in various votes\nbefore 2017. We try to pretend it is the poor council estates, the east coast\nand \u2018the north\u2019 where this dissatisfaction was greatest; but that is not where\nthe sense of loss was strongest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2007 the best?off one per cent of\npeople in the UK took 15.4 per cent of all income. The suburbs suffer the most\nfrom such inequality. In other European countries, where the one per cent take\nless, the poor do much better\u2014but it is the suburbs that most benefit from\ngreater economic equality. Compared with Scandinavian norms the best?rewarded one\nper cent of people in the UK take enough extra to fund a second\nnational health service<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suffering of the suburbs<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Between the censuses of 2001 and 2011 the number of people who had to resort to private renting in the UK doubled. The increases were greatest in the south?east and especially within London. This was portrayed as a \u2018buy?to?let revolution\u2019 but it was led by landlords who owned multiple properties, not by \u2018small investors\u2019. And all the time living standards in the UK, especially in England, were falling in relation to those in the rest of Europe. This is illustrated most dramatically by the changed ranking in neonatal (first twenty?eight days) mortality rates from 1990 to 2015 (see Figure 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 2: Neonatal mortality rates, EU countries, 1990\u20132015 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The decline in living standards was felt most\nacutely in the suburbs. They are where more and more of the food banks are\nplaced and the gas bills are not paid on time. From slowing improvements in\ninfant mortality, through to declining school budgets, low wage work for the\nmajority, the introduction of crippling student loans leading to precious jobs,\nand then paying the highest rents in Europe, the problems of the English were\nno longer concentrated in \u2018those inner cities\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poverty rose faster in outer London\nthan inner London. It is in southern England’s suburbs where poverty rose the\nmost between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. So gradual\nand hidden was the rise that without a census it could not be seen<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, in 2016 and early 2017 young\nadults in Britain looked at what was increasingly on offer, they began to balk\nat the unfairness of it all. Large numbers did not vote in the general election\nof 2015; Labour did not offer them much of an alternative then. Almost as many\nyoung adults did not vote in the referendum of 2016, for either side. Again,\nwhat was there for them to vote for? But come June 2017, their votes were\nagainst the landlords, against student fees, and against the decay of the\nsuburbs that was increasingly looking like their fate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

….<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The architecture of wealth extraction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joe Brewer writes: \u201cThe architecture of wealth extraction is a cancer on this planet<\/a>. It continually corrupts our governments, poisons the natural environment, and pits us against each other in a \u2018race to the bottom\u2019 that has only one logical outcome? \u2013 ?the wholesale destruction of life?giving capacities for the only home planet we’ll ever have.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was the suburbs that voted Brexit. Just look at the map and forget your preconceived prejudices. The map shows the pattern. If you want a modern day definition of suburb in England it could be: that part of the end of your town or city where the majority of people quietly, desperately and angrily voted to leave the EU as they felt on the edge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 3: The human geography of the EU referenced vote, 2016 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The English and American suburbs are\nboth quietly dying. They are no longer places of success, but have become\nplaces of social and political retreat (where people hark after \u2018being great\nagain\u2019). The US vote for Trump was highest in those suburbs in which the health\nof Americans was declining most quickly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What matters for this analysis is that\nthe break occurred between 2015 and 2017. Before then the situation simply\nappeared to be worsening continuously. For example, mortality rates in the UK\nremained high in 2016 and among the elderly peaked again in early 2017. What\nwas most shocking was how little attention this received. It is as if we now\nexpect it. But as the June 2017 UK election result showed, people had begun to\nnotice and to react. As I write (in May 2018) support for Corbyn’s Labour party\nstill lies at 38 per cent of all voters\u2014as it did in June 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The revolt of the suburbs: Brexit<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The old party of the suburbs were the\nConservatives. Their suburban grip remains strong but was then weakened by\nUKIP. Today most of the UKIP vote, built from suburban discontent, has returned\nto the Tories. Today, they now offer Brexit as suburban salvation. Like Trump, they\nwill now build a wall to stop more migrants, but it will be an invisible\nelectronic wall of visa restrictions and entitlements reduced. This, they\npromise, will \u2018make Britain great again\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We sold dear to the empire and brought\ncheap from it. Those days are gone. Failure to replace the empire with an\nalternative, while allowing the one per cent to take more and more, is what has\nbeen killing suburbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the US and the UK, the architecture\nof wealth creation has been allowed to take a particular form which is now\nharming the wellbeing of the majority, especially the young. This is why\nsuburbia is now suffering. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

All across England, suburbs are changing from places of aspiration to neighbourhoods where many can be frightened into voting to \u2018take back control\u2019. But the suburbs need to be recaptured by the young. If the next generation is to settle down and have children in the suburbs then they need to win those suburbs back\u2014politically\u2014from the landlord and the ideology of let the Devil take the hindmost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This blog is adapted from a longer piece in the<\/em> Political Quarterly<\/a> journal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mustn’t grumble. Mustn’t make a fuss. England’s suburbs are slowly dying, as years of austerity slowly changes the landscape. Since 2014, life expectancy has been falling across most of England, especially in the suburbs. The elderly are now dying faster than before. And it is in the suburbs, far away from your children (if you […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":2529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1395,1396,1403],"tags":[],"coauthors":[1594],"class_list":["post-2526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-comment","category-uk","category-inequality"],"amp_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dying-Quietly-The-new-suburbs-tom-rumble-645202-unsplash-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2526"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2526"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politicalquarterlyblog.preliveweb.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcoauthors&post=2526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}